Amakuru

AMATEKA N'IHINDUKA RY'IBYEREKEYE IKIBAZO CY'IMINSI

Gutanga imiti mu mitsi byatangiye mu kinyejana cya cumi na karindwi ubwo Christopher Wren yateraga imbwa umuti witwa opium akoresheje agashishwa k'ingurube n'uruhago rw'ingurube maze imbwa ihinduka 'igicucu'. Mu myaka ya 1930, hexobarbital na pentothal byashyizwe mu buvuzi.

Mu myaka ya 1960, ni bwo hashyizweho uburyo bwo gupima no gupima uburyo bwo gutera imiti mu buryo bwa IV, naho mu myaka ya 1980, hashyizweho uburyo bwo gutera imiti mu buryo bwa IV bugenzurwa na mudasobwa. Mu 1996, hashyizweho uburyo bwa mbere bwo gutera imiti mu buryo bwa "target controlled infusion" ('Diprufusor').

IBISOBANURO

A gutera umuti ugenzurwa n'integoni uburyo bwo guterwa bugenzurwa ku buryo bugerageza kugera ku rugero rw'umukoresha mu gice cy'umubiri cyangwa ingingo z'umubiri. Iki gitekerezo cyatanzwe bwa mbere na Kruger Thiemer mu 1968.

IMITI

Ingano y'ikwirakwizwa.

Iyi ni ingano igaragara umuti ukwirakwizwamo. Ubarwa hakoreshejwe formula: Vd = dose/concentration y'umuti. Agaciro kawo gaterwa no kuba wabarwa ku gihe zeru - nyuma ya bolus (Vc) cyangwa mu gihe gihamye nyuma yo guterwa (Vss).

Ihererekanya ry'amafaranga.

Gukuraho ingano y'amaraso (Vp) umuti ukurwaho kuri buri gice cy'igihe kugira ngo harebwe uko uvanwa mu mubiri. Gukuraho ingano y'amaraso (Clearance = Eramination X Vp).

Uko ubwinshi bw'umuti bugenda bwiyongera, igice cy'ubuzima kigenda kigabanuka, kandi uko ingano y'umuti ikwirakwira niko n'igice cy'ubuzima kigenda kiyongera. Uburyo bwo kuwugabanya bushobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gusobanura uburyo umuti wimuka vuba hagati y'ibice. Umuti ubanza gukwirakwizwa mu gice cyo hagati mbere yo kuwukwirakwiza mu bice byo ku ruhande. Niba ingano y'umuti ikwirakwizwa (Vc) n'ingano y'umuti wifuza kugira ngo uvurwe (Cp) bizwi, birashoboka kubara ingano y'umuti ushyirwamo kugira ngo ugere kuri ubwo bwinshi:

Igipimo cyo gupakira = Cp x Vc

Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kubara igipimo cya bolus gikenewe kugira ngo wongere vuba urugero mu gihe cyo gutera imiti ikomeza: Igipimo cya Bolus = (Cnew - Cactual) X Vc. Igipimo cyo gutera imiti kugira ngo ikomeze kuba ihamye = Cp X Clearance.

Uburyo bworoshye bwo gutera umuti ntibugera ku gipimo gihamye cyo mu maraso kugeza nibura ku gipimo cya gatanu cy'igihe cyo gukuramo umuti. Igipimo cyifuzwa gishobora kugerwaho vuba iyo dose ya bolus ikurikiwe n'igipimo cyo gutera umuti.