Amakuru

Kugeza ubu, haribiro birenga 10,000 kwisi yose. Ibihugu 1 bigomba gushyira umutekano ubanza no kwemeza uburyo bwo kugera kure, umutekano kandi neza kandi neza. 2,3 Isoko ryibikoresho bya latin y'Abanyamerika rikomeje kwiyongera ku buryo bwo gukura vuba buri mwaka. Ibihugu by'Abanyalatini na Karayibe Bikeneye gutumiza ibipimo birenga 90% kuko umusaruro waho no gutanga konti y'ibikoresho byo kwa muganga ku munsi wa 10% by'ibisabwa byose.
Arijantine nicyo gihugu cya kabiri kinini muri Amerika y'Epfo Amerika nyuma ya Berezile. Umubare w'abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 49, ni yo gihugu cya kane gituwe cyane mu karere4, n'ubukungu bwa gatatu bunini nyuma ya Berezile na Mexico, hamwe n'ibicuruzwa byigihugu rusange (GNP) bya hafi miliyari 450 z'amadolari y'Amerika. Arijantine kuri buri mwaka yinjiza buri mwaka ni US $ 22.140, imwe murwego rwo hejuru muri Amerika y'Epfo. 5
Iyi ngingo igamije gusobanura ubushobozi bwa sisitemu yubuzima bwa Arijantine hamwe na verisiyo y'ibitaro. Byongeye kandi, isesengura imitunganyirize, imikorere, hamwe nubuyobozi buranga ibikoresho byubuvuzi bya Arijantine hamwe nubusabane bwayo na Mercado Común Del Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur Sur sur (Trancosur). Hanyuma, urebye imiterere ya macroeconomic n'imibereho muri Arijantine, iravuga muri make amahirwe yubucuruzi ningorane zihagarariwe nisoko ryibikoresho bya Arikine.
Sisitemu yubuzima bwa Arijantine igabanijwemo ibice bitatu: kumugaragaro, ubwiteganyirize no mwiherero. Urwego rwa Leta rurimo imirimo rusange n'intara, ndetse n'umuyoboro w'ibitaro bya Leta ndetse n'ibigo nderabuzima, bitanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi ku buntu ku muntu wese ukeneye ubuvuzi ku buntu, abasanzwe bemerewe ubwiteganyirize kandi ntibashobora kwishyura. Amafaranga yinjira atanga amafaranga yubuzima bwa leta, kandi yakira ubwishyu buri gihe buva mubutegetsi bwubwiteganyirize kugirango butange serivisi kubafatanyabikorwa.
Ubutegetsi bwubwiteganyirize ni itegeko, rishingiye kuri "Obra Sociales" (gahunda zubuzima bwitsinda, OS), zitanga serivisi zubuzima nimiryango yabo. Impano z'abakozi n'abakoresha batera inkunga cyane OSS, kandi bakora binyuze mu masezerano n'abacuruzi bigenga.
Ubutegetsi bwigenga bukubiyemo inzobere mu by'ubuzima n'ibigo by'ubuvuzi bufata abarwayi binjiza amafaranga menshi, OS Abagenerwabikorwa, n'abafite ubwishingizi bwigenga. Ubu buryo burimo kandi amasosiyete yubwishingizi kubushake bwitwa "Amasosiyete yishyuwe yishyuwe. Binyuze mu masezerano y'ubwishingizi, abantu, imiryango n'abakoresha batanga amafaranga mu masosiyete y'ubwishyu bwishyuwe mbere. 7 Konti y'ibitaro rusange bya Arijantine ku ya 51% by'ibitaro byayo byose bigize ibitaro byayo (hafi 22.300), byo ku rutonde mu bihugu bya Llatin y'Abanyalatini bifite ibitaro bya Leta. Ikigereranyo cy'igitanda cyibitaro ni ibitanda 5.0 buri mpande 1.000, kikaba kirenze impuzandengo ya 4.7 mumuryango ukurikiza ubukungu niterambere (OECD). Byongeye kandi, Arijantine ifite imwe mu rwego rwo hejuru y'abaganga ku isi, hamwe n'abantu 4.2 ku ya 1.2, barenze OECD 3.5 n'impuzandengo y'Ubudage (4.0), Espagne n'Ubwongereza (3.0) n'ibindi bihugu by'Uburayi. 8
Umuryango w'ikoranabuhanga mu buzima bw'abanyamerika (Paho) ​​washyize ku rutonde rw'ibiryo by'ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu, ibiyobyabwenge n'ubuvuzi (ANMAS) nk'ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura buri rwego, bivuze ko gishobora kugereranywa na FDA US. ANMAD ishinzwe kugenzura no kwemeza imikorere, umutekano nubwiza bwimiti, ibiryo nibikoresho byubuvuzi. ANMAS ikoresha gahunda ishingiye ku giciro isa n'icyo yakoreshejwe mu bumwe bw'Uburayi na Kanada kugira ngo babe uruhushya, kwiyandikisha, kugenzura, kugenzura ndetse n'ibintu by'imari y'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi mu gihugu hose. ANMAK ikoresha impamyabumenyi ishingiye ku byiciro, aho ibikoresho byubuvuzi bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bine bishingiye ku ngaruka zishobora: Icyiciro I - Ingaruka zo hasi; Icyiciro II-Hagati; Icyiciro III-ibyago byinshi; n'icyiciro cya IV-cyane. Umuganda uwo ari we wese wifuza kugurisha ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi muri Arijantine agomba gushyiraho umuhagarariye mu gutanga ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango biyandikisha. Pump ya infunosi, pompe ya syringe hamwe na pompe yimirire (kugaburira pompe) nkibikoresho byubuvuzi bya IB, bigomba kohereza muri MDR nshya muri 2024
Ukurikije amabwiriza yo kwandikisha ibikoresho bikoreshwa, abakora bagomba kugira ibiro cyangwa abaguzi biyandikishije kuri minisiteri yubuzima ya Arijantine kugirango ikurikize ibikorwa byiza byo gukora (BPM). Ku cyiciro cya III n'Ishuri rya IV Icyiciro cya IV, abakora bagomba gutanga ibisubizo by'ibigeragezo byerekana umutekano no gukora neza kw'igikoresho. ANMAK ifite iminsi 110 y'akazi yo gusuzuma inyandiko no gutanga uruhushya rujyanye; Ku cyiciro I hamwe n'ibikoresho bya II by'iGurwego II, ANMAK ifite iminsi 15 y'akazi yo gusuzuma no kwemeza. Kwiyandikisha kubikoresho byubuvuzi bifite agaciro imyaka itanu, kandi uwabikoze arashobora kuvugurura iminsi 30 mbere yuko irangira. Hariho uburyo bwo kwandikisha uburyo bworoshye bwo guhindura ibyemezo byo kwiyandikisha muri ANMAK byiciro III na IV, kandi igisubizo gitangwa mugihe cyiminsi 15 y'akazi binyuze mu itangazo ryo kubahiriza. Uwayikoze agomba kandi gutanga amateka yuzuye yibikoresho byabanje kugurisha mubindi bihugu. 10
Kuva Arijantine iri muri Mercado Común Del sur sur sur sur sur (Mercosur) -Ubucuruzi bwa Bugeli, ibikoresho byo kwivuza bisoreshwa bisoreshwa bidasanzwe (cet). Igipimo cy'umusoro kiva kuri 0% kugeza kuri 16%. Kubijyanye nibikoresho byatumijwe mu mahanga, igipimo cy'umusoro kiva kuri 0% kugeza 24%. 10
Covid-19 Icyorezo cyagize ingaruka zikomeye kuri Arijantine. 12, 13, 14, 16 muri 2020, ibicuruzwa byigihugu rusange byaguye kuri 9.9%, kugabanuka gukomeye mumyaka 10. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ubukungu bwimbere mu gihugu muri 2021 bizakomeza kwerekana ubusumbane bukomeye bwa Macroeconomique: nubwo kugenzura ibiciro bya guverinoma, igipimo cy'ifaranga ry'umwaka muri 2020 kizakomeza kuba byinshi nka 36%. 6 Nubwo igipimo cy'ifaranga ryinshi ndetse n'ibitaro by'ubukungu byongereye ibyo baguze ibikoresho by'ibanze kandi byihariye byo kwivuza muri 2020. Ubwiyongere bwo kugura ibikoresho byihariye by'ubuvuzi muri 2020 kuva 2019 ni: 17
Muri icyo gihe ikadiri kuva 2019 kugeza 2020, kugura ibikoresho byibanze byubuvuzi mubitaro bya Arijantine byiyongereye: 17
Igishimishije, ugereranije na 2019, hazabaho kwiyongera muburyo butandukanye bwibikoresho byubuvuzi bihenze muri Arijantine muri Arijantine muri Arijantine muri Arijantine muri 2020, cyane cyane mumwaka iyo inzira zugarije zisaba ko ibyo bikoresho zahagaritswe cyangwa 19. Iteganyagihe rya 2023 ryerekana ko igipimo cyimisoro buri mwaka (Cagr) cyibikoresho bikurikira byiyongera: 17
Arijantine ni igihugu gifite gahunda yubuvuzi ivanze, hamwe nabatanga serivisi za leta ndetse na leta byigenga. Isoko ryibikoresho byayo byubuvuzi ritanga amahirwe meza yubucuruzi kuko Arijantine ikeneye gutumiza ibikomokaho hafi ya byose. Nubwo ishami rikomeye rigenzura, ishoramari ryinshi ndetse n'ishoramari rito, 18 rifite ubushishozi bwibanze mu bikoresho by'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu bikoresho bya Arijantine bifuza kwagura ikirenge cya Latin.
1. Conteación Panameriricana de la sahud. Redulación de dispotivos médicos [interineti]. 2021 [Byavuzwe kuva ku ya 17 Gicurasi 2021]. Kuboneka kuva: https://wwww3.Paho.org/HQ/index.php?op?Coption=com_Contique&id=3418:20-ibitangaza-Gushakisha&.com&lang=es
2. Comisión económica para américa latina y el caribe (cepal. Las ///repoporio.cepal.org/bibild/handle/1362/45510/1/S2000309_S.PDF
3. Denaación Panameriricana de la sahud. Dispotivos médicos [interineti]. 2021 [Byavuzwe kuva ku ya 17 Gicurasi 2021]. Kuboneka kuva: https://www.paho.org/es/temas/dispositivos-mecos
4. Datos Macro. Arijantine: Ubukungu B Demografía [interineti]. 2021 [Byavuzwe kuva ku ya 17 Gicurasi 2021]. Kuboneka kuva: https://datosmacro.expansion.com/Pasises/ARGETINA
5. Igicuruzwa Interno Bruto por País en América Latina y El CariBe En 2020 [Internet]. 2020. Biboneka muri URL ikurikira: https://es.statista.com/astaadicasAs/1065726/pib-umuparuganda-ibintu-
6. Banki y'Isi. Banki y'isi ya Arijantine [Internet]. 2021. Biboneka kurubuga rukurikira: https://www.orldbank.org/en/imigentry/Argentina/OROGERICA
7. Belló m, Becerril-Montekio vm. Sistema de salud de argentina. Sandud Sogoda Mex [Internet]. 2011; 53: 96-109. Iraboneka Kuva: http://www.ciirelo.org.mx/Sciielo.php?Script=sci_arttext&pid=s003623422011000800006
8. Corpart G. Latinoamérica Es Uno de Los Mercadios Ibitilatios Másrobustos del Mundo. Amakuru Yubuzima Bwubuzima [Internet]. 2018; kuboneka kuva: https://globalHalth Ubuzimanda.com/es/Ghis-Ghi/ALAINAETRIA-ELATICOOTRIOS- Isos-robsubttos-Das-Rambur -Del-rumbure/
Tamist. Antamar Elegida poru OMS como sede para andluir el desallerlo de la hermitena de resemperionios [intermitenGuremioS [interineti]. 2018. Birashoboka
10. Gegdesk. Incamake yamabwiriza yubuvuzi ya Arijantine [Internet]. 2019. Biboneka Kuva: https://www.regdesk.co/han- hovervicare-overvicare - ibikoresho- ibikoresho-ibisobanuro-Ibisobanuro-
11. Umuhuzabikorwa wa komite ishinzwe ikoranabuhanga y'ubuhinzi. Umusaruro Médicos: Normativas Sobre Habilitaciones, Gerefire y Trazabilidad [interineti]. 2021 [twasubiwemo kuva ku ya 18 Gicurasi 2021]. Kuboneka kuva: http://www.cofybccf.org.ar/Nibicia_anaterior.php?n=1805
12. Ortiz-Barrios m, Gul M, López-Meza P, Navarro-Jiménez Gutegura Ibiza Bwiza: Fata Ibitaro bya Turukiya. Int J Igabanuka ryibiza [Internet]. Nyakanga 2020; 101748. Iboneka Kuva: https://nunkier.com/retrieve/pii/pii/si220202033035x / j.ijdr.2020.101748
13. Clemente-SUÁrez Vj, Navarro-Jiménez E, Jimenez M, Hormeño-Holgado A, Martinez-Agude Kuramba [interineti]. Ku ya 15 2021; 13 (6): 3221. Kuboneka kuva: https://www.mdpi.com/10001-1050/13/3221 doi: 10.3390 / su13063221
14. Clemente-Suárez Vj, Hormeno-Holmado Aj, Agudene Urukingo [interineti]. Gicurasi 2020; kuboneka kuva: https://www.mdpi.com/10006-393x/8/2/6 doi: 10.3390 / Urukingo820236
15. Romo A, Ojeda-Galaviz C. Tango for COVID-19 requires more than two: analysis of the early pandemic response in Argentina (January 2020 to April 2020). Int j ibidukikije ku buzima rusange [interineti]. Ku ya 24 Ukuboza 2020; 18 (1): 73. Kuboneka kuva: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/183 Doi: 10.3390 / IJERPH18010073
16. Bolaño-ortiz tr, Berná-peña ll, pasika-flores rm, umukandaro-camardo Y. Impinduka zubukungu bwabo mugihe cya Covingsina. Kuramba [interineti]. 19 Ukwakira 2020; 12.
17. Corpart G. En Arijantine En 2020, se Dispararon Las Canidades Depidade Médicos Especiados [interineti]. 2021 [Byavuzwe kuva ku ya 17 Gicurasi 2021]. Kuboneka kuva: https://globalHalththInshuti.com/es/aliSis-de/ardIna-en-20-Saling-Umusanga-ibikoresho-ibikoresho-ibikoresho-ibikoresho-ibikoresho-ibikoresho-ibikoresho-ibikoresho-ibikoresho-ibisohokagisi-
18. Otaola j, ubukungu bwa Bianchi W. Arijantine imaze gutuza mu gihembwe cya kane; Ubukungu bwifashe nabi ni umwaka wa gatatu. Reuters [interineti]. 2021; Kuboneka kuva: https://www.reuter.com/article/us-ardina-GDPGBNn2bf1dt
Julio G. Martinez-Clark nuwashinze hamwe na CooaCencess Company, Isoko ryo gukemura isoko rikora hamwe namasosiyete yibikoresho byubuvuzi kugirango abafashe kuyobora ibigeragezo byubuvuzi no gucuruza udushya twabo muri Amerika y'Epfo. Julio kandi ni we wakiriye abayobozi ba Eamtech PALDCACH: Ibiganiro bya buri cyumweru hamwe n'abayobozi bahinduranya neza muri Amerika y'Epfo. Ni umunyamuryango w'inama ngishwanama ya kaminuza ya Stetsonson Gahunda yo guhanga udushya. Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu nyenyeri ya elegitoroniki n'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mubuyobozi bwubucuruzi.